Nano-biopesticide: A novel and sustainable approach towards pest and disease management

This article reviews nano-biopesticides as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional chemical pesticides in modern agriculture. Synthesis, characterization and functional properties of various nanomaterials, including biopolymer-based nanoparticles (NPs) like zein and chitosan, as well as metallic NPs, silver, gold, titanium dioxide and zinc oxide. These nanostructures are more effective against a variety of pests and diseases because of their improved bioactivity, stability and targeted delivery. Safer agricultural practices are promoted by the use of nano-biopesticides, which have several benefits such as lower pesticide dose, less environmental pollution and less damage to non-target species. The review also looks at how certain nanomaterials work, such as by interfering with pest physiology or rupturing microbial membranes, which adds to their effectiveness. Additionally, it assesses the possible harm that NP exposure may cause to ecosystems and human health, highlighting the significance of safety evaluations and regulatory frameworks. The article highlights recent developments in nanotechnology, such as green synthesis approaches, to provide environmentally sustainable pest management options. Despite their promise, challenges such as cost, scalability and long-term environmental impacts require further investigation. In order to enhance nano-biopesticide formulations, guarantee safety compliance and make it easier to incorporate them into sustainable pest control programs, the prospects section emphasizes the value of multidisciplinary collaboration. Overall, nanotechnology holds potential to revolutionize pest control by offering highly effective, safe and sustainable alternatives that support integrated pest management and agricultural sustainability.