Discrete Element Simulation Study of Soil–Rock Mixture Under High-Frequency Vibration Loading

Research on the dynamic characteristics of roadbeds has primarily focused on traffic loads and foundation treatment responses during the operation and maintenance phase. However, there remains a lack of in-depth exploration into vibration compaction during the construction phase, particularly the differences in stress paths under roller dynamic loading. Laboratory dynamic triaxial tests are limited by low-frequency loading, making it difficult to simulate real-world roadbed compaction conditions. Therefore, this study employs discrete element numerical simulation technology to construct a numerical model for subgrade compaction under roller dynamic loading. It aims to reveal the macro- and micro-scale evolution patterns of soil under compaction conditions, thoroughly analyze the influence of factors such as roller frequency and vibratory force on subgrades with varying rock content in soil–stone mixed fill, and provide a theoretical foundation for intelligent compaction (IC) of soil–stone mixed subgrades in subsequent research.