Recent developments in surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy-based immuno (apta) assays for cardiac troponin detection: prospects for point-of-care applications

Abstract Cardiac troponin (cTn) is widely recognized as the gold standard for the diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Point-of-care testing (POCT) for cTn necessitates rapid turnaround, cost-effectiveness, user-friendly operation, and portability, along with the highest level of accuracy to support timely and effective clinical decision-making. Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) based assays possess several features suitable for POCT, including the flexibility to integrate with innovative platforms such as microfluidic systems and paper-based devices. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in SERS-based immuno (apta) assays for cTn detection, with a focus on detection strategies, employed platforms, and their feasibility for POCT. This review also outlines the improvements required in existing assays to meet POCT requirements, aiding in the design of future diagnostic assays.