Zhang’s guideline vs. 1994 WHO partograph: comparative effectiveness in managing hypertensive disorder of pregnancy

Compared with the 1994 WHO partograph, Zhang's guideline for managing HDP effectively reduced intrapartum cesarean sections and labor interventions. Zhang's guideline also proved more adaptable to pregnancies involving AMA and ART without increasing the risk of neonatal asphyxia. However, its implementation was associated with higher rates of PPH and forceps delivery. Notably, the protocol itself emerged as an independent risk factor for PPH.