Long-term land–atmosphere energy and water exchange observational dataset over central Tibetan Plateau

Abstract. In recent decades, the climate of Tibetan Plateau has undergone notable changes, which has a strong influence on global climate systems and human activities, making it a research hotspot. However, due to its extreme elevation, harsh environment, and complex underlying surface, long-term observations of the central Plateau's atmospheric vertical profiles have been challenging and scientific data sharing is crucial and in urgent need. This paper presents a 9-year observational dataset (2014–2022) with hourly temporal resolution from the Nagqu region of northern Tibet. The dataset is a combination of four field stations covering the central Tibetan Plateau, which recorded near-surface meteorological data, radiation budget, turbulent fluxes, and soil hydrothermal characteristics. All observational items in this dataset underwent data processing and quality control to ensure data quality. This dataset represents the most detailed raw observational data on the central Tibetan Plateau's spatial coverage and recent changes. It holds significant value in revealing energy and water exchanges between the land surface and the atmosphere on the Tibetan Plateau. Main datasets are freely available at the National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center (https://doi.org/10.11888/Meteoro.tpdc.270010, Hu et al., 2019 and https://cstr.cn/18406.11.Meteoro.tpdc.270010, last access: 5 November 2025) and additionally at National Tibetan Plateau/Third Pole Environment Data Center (https://doi.org/10.11888/Atmos.tpdc.300325, Wang et al., 2023a and https://cstr.cn/18406.11.Atmos.tpdc.300325, last access: 5 November 2025).