Association between metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in the Brazilian population, a cross-sectional analysis

This study to evaluated the associations between the presence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the number of MetS components, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) in a Brazilian adult population.This was a cross-sectional study using a database of laboratory tests from the National Health Survey, 2014-2015 (n = 8952). MetS was classified based on the presence of three or more of the following components: hyperglycemia, defined by glycosylated hemoglobin ≥ 5.7%; high blood pressure, defined by systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg; abdominal obesity, defined by waist circumference ≥ 90 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women; low HDL, defined by HDL cholesterol < 50 mg/dl in women and < 40 mg/dl in men; and hypertriglyceridemia, defined by triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dl. CKD was defined by a glomerular filtration rate ≤ 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Sociodemographic, lifestyle, and clinical variables were evaluated. Analysis of the association between MetS, number of MetS components and CKD was based on odds ratio estimates using logistic regression.The prevalence of CKD was 5.3% and the prevalence of MetS was 47.13%. The components present in the largest number of individuals in the general population were abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds of CKD were 1.95 times higher in individuals with MetS than in those without. An accumulation of 3, 4 or 5 MetS components increased the odds of CKD by 2.96, 3.15 and 5.05 times, respectively. Individuals with MetS were 95% more likely to have CKD than those without MetS. The accumulation of MetS components significantly increased the odds of an individual suffering from CKD.