Human and vector behavioural determinants of malaria transmission in the Nandi highlands, western Kenya

This study demonstrates that human exposure to malaria vectors is shaped by the interplay between temporal and spatial human and vector behaviours, with the highest biting rates indoors for unprotected sleepers and awake individuals, and outdoor exposure peaking in the early evening and late morning. It also reveals diverse, behaviourally adaptable vector populations, including cryptic species, sustaining indoor and outdoor transmission. While LLINs use provide partial protection, significant gaps in protection remained during periods and in spaces where nets are not effective, highlighting persistent residual transmission and the need for vector characterization, behaviour-informed interventions (e.g., spatial repellents and larviciding), community engagement, and strengthened entomological surveillance to guide effective malaria control.

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Publication Details

Journal
Malaria Journal
Published
2025-12-08
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-025-05681-3
Primary Topic
Malaria Research and Control
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Human and vector behavioural determinants of malaria transmission in the Nandi highlands, western Kenya

Isabella Rodriguez, Lindsey B. Turnbull, Shehu Shagari Awandu, Eric Ochomo et al.
Malaria Journal
Malaria Research and Control
article

Human and vector behavioural determinants of malaria transmission in the Nandi highlands, western Kenya

Isabella Rodriguez, Lindsey B. Turnbull, Shehu Shagari Awandu, Eric Ochomo, John D. Clemens, George Ayodo, Maurice Ombok, Anoop Sunkara, Maxwell G. Machani, Lucy Abel, Joseph Kim, Neil F. Lobo, Chandy C. John, Amos Ouko
article en

Abstract

This study demonstrates that human exposure to malaria vectors is shaped by the interplay between temporal and spatial human and vector behaviours, with the highest biting rates indoors for unprotected sleepers and awake individuals, and outdoor exposure peaking in the early evening and late morning. It also reveals diverse, behaviourally adaptable vector populations, including cryptic species, sustaining indoor and outdoor transmission. While LLINs use provide partial protection, significant gaps in protection remained during periods and in spaces where nets are not effective, highlighting persistent residual transmission and the need for vector characterization, behaviour-informed interventions (e.g., spatial repellents and larviciding), community engagement, and strengthened entomological surveillance to guide effective malaria control.

Malaria JournalVol. 24(1)
University of Notre Dame (US), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KE), Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology (KE), Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis (US)
Indiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute
Openalex Percentile: Top 50%
Malaria Research and Control
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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Human and vector behavioural determinants of malaria transmission in the Nandi highlands, western Kenya — Isabella Rodriguez, Lindsey B. Turnbull, et al. · Malaria Journal (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS