The formation mechanism of time banditry behaviour: A qualitative study

Abstract Time banditry behaviour (TBB) refers to employees engaging in non‐work‐related activities during designated working hours while still accepting their salary. TBB presents a prevalent concern in the workplace and has resulted in severe financial losses for businesses worldwide. To investigate the causes and formation mechanism of TBB, we conducted semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews with 30 Chinese employees and analysed the data using a grounded theory approach. Drawing on the iceberg theory, we propose a ‘potted plant’ model that elucidates this mechanism. The model encompasses superficial reasons (e.g., Personnel Needs, Job Demands, Organizational Mismanagement) and deep reasons (e.g., Employee Values, Person–Job Mismatch). Theoretically, this study extends the applicability of the iceberg theory to the context of TBB, addressing a significant gap in the literature by providing a systematic analysis of its formation mechanisms and laying the groundwork for future empirical research on TBB. Practically, it offers actionable recommendations to help organizations manage TBB more effectively within their practices.