Computer Simulation as a Tool for Cost and CO2 Emission Analysis in Production Process Simulations

Sustainable development is currently a key priority in improving production systems, requiring an integrated approach that combines economic efficiency, environmental responsibility, and rational energy management. In response to these challenges, this article presents a novel application of computer simulation as a tool for comprehensively assessing the impact of technological improvements in the machining process. The study introduces and compares two models: a baseline model representing the actual state of the machinery fleet with conventional machine tools, and an innovative alternative model incorporating modern numerically controlled (CNC) machines. The results demonstrate, for the first time in this context, that the implementation of CNC technology not only significantly reduces process time and energy demand but also improves resource efficiency, thereby lowering CO2 emissions and operating costs. This research highlights the innovative use of computer simulation to support decision-making in sustainable manufacturing, offering a practical framework for evaluating technological modernization options and promoting the sustainable development of production enterprises.