Finding solace in the silence: how spirituality shapes loneliness among family caregivers of the elderly

Not all domains of spirituality equally affect loneliness, and the levels of spirituality and loneliness may be shaped by multiple factors. These findings underscore the complicated nature of spirituality and the importance of cultural sensitivity in understanding spirituality. Religious groups and older caregivers especially demand more appropriate instruction and support to improve spirituality and alleviate loneliness.