Transforming Brain Health With Neurotechnology Convergence (Part II): Intelligent Neurointervention Systems for Neurological Disorders

ABSTRACT Neurological disorders represent a critical domain within global health, necessitating advanced interventions to address complex pathologies such as tumors, functional disorders, and cerebrovascular diseases. Despite the proven benefits of early intervention, current treatment paradigms face significant challenges: (1) limited precision in neurosurgical procedures, including trajectory planning and compensation for intraoperative brain shift; (2) restricted access to personalized neuromodulation and digital therapeutics; and (3) inefficiencies in diagnostic and management support. To address these issues, this work reviews five core intelligent neurointervention technologies specifically applied in the context of neurological disorders: (1) neuronavigation, integrating frame‐based and frameless systems, robotics, intraoperative MRI, neurophysiological monitoring, fluorescence‐guided surgery, and extended reality; (2) surgical robotics for high‐precision navigation and minimally invasive evacuation of intracerebral hemorrhage; (3) neuromodulation, including adaptive deep brain stimulation, vagus nerve stimulation, and non‐invasive techniques; (4) digital therapeutics offering AI‐ and VR‐enabled cognitive assessment and intervention; and (5) large language models supporting diagnostics and personalized therapy through multimodal data integration. Together, these technologies facilitate a shift toward precision medicine in neurological care, improving surgical outcomes, functional recovery, and therapeutic personalization. Implementation requires addressing neuroethical considerations, data standardization, and equitable access.