Design and Implementation of a Wi-Fi-Enabled BMS for Real-Time LiFePO4 Cell Monitoring

This paper presents the design and implementation of a custom-built LiFePO 4 battery monitoring system that offers real-time visibility into the status of individual battery cells.The system is based on a Battery Management System (BMS) architecture and is implemented by measuring the voltage, current, and temperature of each cell in a multicell pack.These key parameters are essential for ensuring safe operation, prolonging battery life, and optimizing energy usage in off-grid or mobile power systems.The system architecture is based on an ESP32 microcontroller that interfaces with INA219 and DS18B20 sensors to continuously measure individual cell voltage, current, and temperature.Data are transmitted wirelessly via Wi-Fi to a remote time-series database for centralized storage, analysis, and visualization.Experimental validation, conducted over a 15-day period, demonstrated stable system performance and reliable data transmission.Analytically, the findings indicate that utilizing an advanced smart charger for precise cell balancing and improving the physical layout for cooling led to superior thermal performance.Even when load current nearly tripled to 110 mA, the system maintained a stable cell operating temperature range of 29.8 C to 30.3 C.This result confirms significantly reduced cell stress compared to previous iterations, which is critical for enhancing battery health and lifespan.The application of this project aimed to demonstrate how a combination of open hardware components and lightweight network protocols can be used to create a robust, cost-effective battery monitoring solution suitable for integration into smart energy systems or remote IoT infrastructures.