401 Precarity and Mental Health: The Psychosocial Impact of Internal Migration in Phnom Penh, Cambodia

Abstract EP2.4, e-Poster Terminal 2, September 4, 2025, 11:35 - 12:55 Aim In Cambodia, internal migration from rural to urban areas has increased significantly in recent decades. Driven by debt and limited economic opportunities, many individuals relocate to Phnom Penh, the country’s economic center, in search of better livelihoods. However, these migrants often face challenges such as indebtedness, low wages, informal employment, and poor living conditions. Limited financial resources and the absence of comprehensive social protection further hinder access to essential health services. As part of the GEMMS research group, this study examines how these precarious conditions affect the psychosocial well-being of internal migrant workers and assesses the burden on their mental health. Methods This study employed a mixed-methods approach to explore migrants’ socio-economic status, health-seeking behaviors, and mental health in Phnom Penh. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 600 migrants from high-migrant-density areas, using a quota-based, stratified cluster sampling method by gender. The survey assessed socio-economic status, migration, health behaviors, and mental health using the HTQ DSM-V scale, the Domestic Migration Stress Questionnaire, and Idioms of Distress. Additionally, 60 in-depth interviews were conducted with migrants to understand their lived experiences, alongside 60 interviews with service providers to examine available services and challenges. Results The findings shows that how dimensions of precarity—such as debt, low wages, informal employment, and insecure housing—are closely associated with migrants’ psychosocial well-being. Quantitative data indicate significant mental health burdens of stress and depression, while qualitative findings highlight feelings of hopelessness. Migrants reported difficulty accessing services and severe economic hardships, while service providers highlight limited capacity, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions. Conclusion The study highlights the necessity of community-led interventions tailored to migrant workers’ needs and informs policy discussions on inclusive social protection and universal health coverage. Key recommendations include improving employment benefits for informal workers, financial management support, and expanded mental health services.