Hybrid nanofluid convection over an accelerated vertical plate with unsteady surface heating

This research demonstrates a comprehensive thermal analysis of a hybrid nanofluid natural convective magnetohydrodynamic flow over a vertically moving accelerated plate subjected to a ramped temperature constraint. The leading partial differential equations, which preserve energy and momentum, are formulated using boundary-layer approximations and transformed to a dimensionless form. An analytical solution is illustrated in compact form via the Laplace transform methodology, allowing precise characterization of velocity and profiles of temperature distributions. The emerged parameter ranges are considered as [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] to evaluate the impacts of porous medium, Lorentz force, heat absorption, buoyancy force, ramping time and thermal radiation on the thermal and flow fields. The numerical results for natural convective flow close to the isothermal plate and a ramping-temperature plate are compared. Compared to the isothermal situation, the hybrid nanofluid's temperature and velocity are significantly lower and closer to the ramping temperature plate.