Analysis of economic implications of percutaneous and surgical proximal forearm arteriovenous fistula creation: Five-year follow-up data from a single-centre study

Long-term maintenance costs are substantial for both sAVFs and pAVFs and do not seem to differ materially between percutaneous and surgical AVFs, despite some observed differences in procedure complexity that might benefit percutaneous AVF. Further study and future developments in pAVF technology including a further reduced reintervention burden and lower-cost pAVF-devices are warranted to increase the application of pAVF technology in haemodialysis patients.