Recycling solar photovoltaic panels as an end-of-life scenario: Review considering environmental, economic, social, political, and educational dimensions

The global push toward renewable energy has elevated the adoption of solar Photovoltaic (PV) panels as a clean and sustainable energy source. However, the challenge of managing these panels at the end of their Life Cycle (LC) remains significant, necessitating an interdisciplinary framework to address their environmental, economic, social, political, and educational impacts. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of solar PV panel recycling as a key end-of-life scenario. It begins by examining the composition and technologies of PV modules, followed by an exploration of their environmental footprint and the consequences of improper disposal. Strategies for sustainable management and innovative recycling technologies are discussed, emphasizing their potential for fostering circular economic principles. The study also delves into Life Cycle Impact Assessments (LCIA), including environmental, economic, and social dimensions, highlighting the necessity of regulatory frameworks and policies to support responsible disposal and recycling. Furthermore, the article explores innovative initiatives and the role of education in driving a cultural shift toward a recycling-oriented mindset, fostering collaboration between academic, industry, and policymakers. Lastly, challenges and future research areas are identified, alongside recommendations for advancing sustainable solutions in solar PV panel recycling. This review can serve as a foundation for interdisciplinary dialogue and actionable strategies to enhance the sustainability of solar PV technologies.