Beyond Negative Peace: The Limits of NATO’s Role in Fostering Sustainable Peace in the Western Balkans

Aim: This research aims to examine the association between the Balkan Peace Index (BPI), Galtung's theoretical framework of positive peace, and sustainability dimensions in order to critically asses the effectiveness and long-term viability of NATO's peacebuilding initiatives in the Western Balkans region.Method: The study applies a mixed-methods research design, incorporating both quantitative and qualitative analytical approaches. The methodological framework encompasses the examination of environmental sustainability indicators, democratic governance structures, and regional cooperation patterns. It is supported by qualitative data analysis from sources such as NATO policy documents, EU Enlargement Reports, and analyzing news related to the topic.Results: The empirical findings demonstrate that NATO has achieved considerable success in establishing negative peace throughout the Western Balkans via systematic conflict resolution mechanisms. However, the study reveals significant limitations regarding the establishment of sustainable and positive peace results. The research identifies substantial inadequacies within NATO's traditional security architecture when confronting contemporary multifaceted challenges, including climate related security threats, persistent economic disparities, and deteriorating social cohesion across the region.Conclusion: The study reveals that NATO needs to review its operational approach in order to achieve lasting and sustainable peace in the Western Balkans. In this context, it is crucial to adopt comprehensive and region-specific strategies that systematically integrate security requirements with development goals and environmental considerations, operating specifically within Galtung's positive peace theoretical framework.