Real time frequency and voltage stabilization in multi area hybrid power systems using hybrid MGOAO optimized PID and FOPID controllers

The integrated study of automatic voltage regulation (AVR) and load frequency control (LFC) in a two-area hybrid power system is examined in this research. A new Moss Growth Optimization and Artemisinin Optimization (MGO-AO) algorithm is suggested for the best controller parameter tuning, while a traditional FOPID controller is used as the secondary controller. First, a test system with two-area non-reheat thermal turbines is used to apply the MGO-AO algorithm. The analysis of the joint LFC-AVR problem is then expanded to a combination model. In addition, a high-voltage direct current (HVDC) link is added to the system in addition to the traditional AC tie-line. A battery energy storage system (BESS) is also incorporated to reduce frequency and voltage fluctuations and enhance system stability. When compared to an AC-only network, the AC/DC hybrid transmission system dramatically improves system dynamic performance, according to comparative studies. Robustness is demonstrated for representative disturbances e.g., [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] step load perturbations in the two regions and a [Formula: see text] generation loss with a [Formula: see text] generation increase and for configurations with and without BESS. Comparative analysis against ARO, GWO-PSO, modified SSA, and the standalone MGO and AO shows that the proposed hybrid MGO-AO/FOPID achieves the lowest settling times and overshoots. Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) validation on dSPACE MicroLabBox confirms the practical implementability of the unified FOPID scheme.