Patterns of substance use in people with severe mental illness: A case-control study in Ethiopia

Tobacco and khat use were higher among cases than controls, while alcohol and cannabis use were more prevalent in controls. The high prevalence of khat use is particularly problematic in people with SMI as it adversely affects the course and outcome of mental illness. Tobacco smoking also contributes to physical health morbidity and associated premature mortality. Therefore, evidence-based screening and treatment services are warranted to mitigate the harmful health outcomes of khat use and tobacco consumption among individuals with SMI.