Regenerating industrial neighbourhoods with systems thinking and circularity: Sungei Kadut, Singapore

This paper seeks to understand how systems integration, specifically of stratified urban/green spaces and mobility systems, can transform and humanise industrial landscapes, creating new circular ecosystems. The case study of the industrial development of Sungei Kadut in Singapore, set for redevelopment over the next 20–30 years, serves as a prototype for a new generation of industrial estates and a testbed for the city’s zero waste policy. Two design research studies at the National University of Singapore (2019–20) explored the interaction between human-made and natural systems through the pedagogical framework of systems thinking and circularity. The research examined how flows and exchanges within and between systems shape the industrial landscape. The findings underscore the necessity of a multi-scalar approach, linking the architectural scale with the urban scale and establishing a reciprocal relationship between the parts and the whole. The study highlights how a three-dimensional (3D) planning strategy, which relegates transport and logistics to a subterranean layer, can free the ground plane for pedestrian-friendly public spaces, green areas and slow mobility options. This re-imagined ground plane enables the creation of biodiversity corridors, blue/green infrastructure and public spaces that enhance liveability, ecosystem services and social interaction. A key insight is the role of vertically stratified multimodal mobility systems, which integrate fast, intermediate and slow transit modes with city-wide infrastructure. This not only optimises the movement of goods and people but also facilitates resource sharing and synergistic relationships between different industrial, commercial and residential functions. As a result, industrial landscapes can evolve from segregated, mono-functional zones into dynamic, hybrid environments that blend live, work, learn and play. Crucially, this study suggests that circularity as a goal alters spatial thinking; the circular city is not simply an agglomeration of buildings but rather a system of flows and exchanges across permeable zones and interfaces. This research proposes a new industrial ecosystem that is vibrant, biodiverse, productive and sustainable. Findings point to the potential for future studies to refine methodologies for retrofitting existing industrial estates, developing comprehensive design guidelines for stratified public spaces, and investigating new spatial, programmatic and operational conditions that arise from integrating industry with transit and mixed-use developments. This article is also included in The Business & Management Collection which can be accessed at https://hstalks.com/business/.