Global, regional, and national temporal trends in the prevalence of environmental heat and cold exposure among older adults aged 60–99 years, 1990–2021: an age-period-cohort analysis based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Although the number of EHCE cases has increased because of population growth and aging, the relative burden of EHCE has declined globally as a result of improvements in public health infrastructure and climate adaptation measures. However, high SDI regions face persistent challenges and a slower decline in the prevalence of EHCE, highlighting the need for targeted interventions.