A parallel particle swarm optimization for improving wireless sensor networks longevity-based dynamic clustering method

Determining the optimal configuration for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) can be challenging due to the multitude of possible setups. To address this issue, our team has developed the Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization-based Self-Organizing Network Clustering (PPSOPM) method. By taking into account variables like remaining node energy, predictable energy usage, proximity to the base station, and number of nearby nodes, PPSOPM dynamically enhances wireless sensor node clusters. Achieving a balance between these factors is crucial to effectively organize nodes into clusters and select a surrogate node as the cluster's head. In comparison to alternative methods, PPSOPM significantly improves network structure by 44.39 % and extends network lifespan. However, node density may impact network longevity by increasing the distance between nodes. Also, when the base station is far from the sensor area, creating additional clusters can help conserve energy. On average, PPSOPM requires 0.57 s to complete, with a standard deviation of 0.04.