Railway Circuit Controller: Adaptive Control and Digital Processing Based on Broadband Signals

This research presents a framework and principles of functioning of an adaptive control device designed to monitor railway circuits. This device utilizes broadband signals featuring linear frequency modulation, along with advanced digital signal processing techniques. By utilizing linearly frequency-modulated probing signals as stimuli, it facilitates the integration of information transmission and diagnostic functions. Significant scientific and practical contributions include the formulation of a structural diagram of the control device and the establishment of a mathematical framework for accurate fault localisation. Additionally, an adaptive algorithm for dynamic threshold adjustment has been proposed to minimize false alarm occurrences, taking into consideration fluctuating operating conditions such as ballast resistance, humidity and temperature.The research has demonstrated that the use of this automatic controller can ensure high interference immunity through the correlated processing of broadband signals, automatic adjustment to varying railway parameters, and precise identification of both the nature and location of damage. The developed method will enable reduced diagnostic time for railway circuit faults and minimized impact of human factors during maintenance. This solution can be integrated into contemporary railway automation systems to enhance traffic safety.