Usage and limitations of neuroglial biomarkers NfL and GFAP in urine as non-invasive disease markers in multiple sclerosis
NfL and GFAP can be detected in urine using ultra-sensitive immunoassays; however, concentrations are very low and strongly influenced by urine dilution. Consequently, urinary NfL and GFAP currently lack reliability for distinguishing MS patients from healthy controls or for monitoring disease activity.
Authors
- Christian Grefkes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1656-720X)
- Yavor Yalachkov (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0805-771X)
- Sebastian Luger (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9236-2196)
- Alexander Heuser (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3772-5534)
- Michelle Maiworm (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3674-0601)
- Ferdinand O. Bohmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6439-0667)
- Konstantin Kohlhase (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1088-9558)
- Kai Siebenbrodt (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3827-4245)
- H Sajer Nassir
- Jens Göpfert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3525-3684)
- Christian Foerch (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3770-7857)
Institutions
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (DE)
- University Hospital Frankfurt (DE)
- Klinikum Ludwigsburg (DE)
- University of Tübingen (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders
- Published
- 2025-12-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2025.106899
- Primary Topic
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Amgen
- Bristol-Myers Squibb
- AstraZeneca
- Sanofi
- Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals
- Merck KGaA
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
- Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
- Neuraxpharm
- Sanofi Genzyme