Framework for implementing lean construction: from concept knowledge to continuous training

<h2>Abstract</h2> Implementing lean construction (LC) in companies is critical to improving resource management, reducing waste, and enhancing efficiency, leading to increased productivity and reduced costs. However, the absence of structured frameworks and sufficient knowledge in these companies presents significant challenges for effective LC implementation. This study develops and validates a comprehensive framework for managing LC knowledge in companies by examining the relationship between LC principles and three knowledge levels: knowledge of LC concepts, knowledge of LC implementation, and LC continuous training. Based on a thorough review of the current literature and feedback from 23 international LC experts through two Delphi method rounds, the framework comprises 12 variables that integrate LC principles with these knowledge aspects. The framework also emphasizes the importance of top management support and effective communication for successful implementation. Statistical analyses, including the mean, standard deviation, Kendall's <i>W</i>, consensus formula, Mann–Whitney test, and Kruskal–Wallis test, were employed to assess the overall level of agreement among LC experts on the framework variables. The resulting framework addresses the existing knowledge gaps and provides construction professionals with actionable insight, setting a clear path for future development of LC practices. This framework allows professionals to improve workflows and reduce inefficiencies while driving continuous company improvement.