Adaptive modeling of HIV-TB coinfection dynamics and intervention optimization

This study provides the first comprehensive framework that simultaneously addresses pathogen evolution, host dynamics, and intervention optimization in HIV-TB co-infection. The findings offer actionable insights for public health policy, particularly in balancing cost-effectiveness with implementation feasibility. Our evolutionary-optimized approach establishes a new paradigm for modeling complex disease systems, with potential applications extending beyond HIV-TB to other interacting epidemics.