Association of Serum Magnesium Level with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation: A Cross-sectional Observational Study

Background: Magnesium is an essential trace element involved in numerous physiological processes, including metabolic, muscular, and neuronal functions.It plays a critical role in bronchial and respiratory muscle function.Given its physiological effects, particularly bronchodilation, magnesium may influence the course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).This study aimed to investigate the association between serum magnesium levels and acute exacerbation in COPD patients.Methodology: A total of 150 previously diagnosed COPD patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional observational study.Seventy-five patients with stable COPD attending routine outpatient follow-up and seventy-five patients presenting to the Emergency Department with acute COPD exacerbation were included.Serum magnesium levels were measured at the time of initial contact.Demographic and clinical variables, such as age, gender, smoking status, and duration of COPD were recorded using a structured case record form.Exclusion criteria included concomitant lung diseases, pregnancy, and the use of magnesium-containing medications or drugs affecting magnesium metabolism. Results:The mean serum magnesium level was significantly lower in the exacerbation group compared with the stable COPD group (1.69 0.17 mg/dL vs 1.83 0.16 mg/dL; p < 0.05).After adjusting for potential confounders, low serum magnesium levels remained significantly associated with COPD exacerbations. Conclusion:This study demonstrates a significant association between low serum magnesium levels and acute exacerbation of COPD.Serum magnesium may serve as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target in the management of COPD exacerbations.