India’s roadmap for ICD-11 TM2 implementation: Integrating Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani into global health standards

ABSTRACT: The Ayurveda, Siddha, and Unani (ASU) systems of India gained global recognition with the recent update to the International Classification of Diseases-11 th Revision (ICD-11), which incorporates Chapter 26, Module 2 (TM2). This initiative, spanning 2020–2025 and formalized by a donor agreement between the World Health Organization (WHO) and India’s Ministry of Ayush, establishes a standardized language for ASU morbidity. Key outcomes include the mapping of 1941 national Ayush morbidity codes to the new classification and the official release of TM2 on the WHO ICD-11 Browser in February 2025, ensuring international comparability and evidence-based policymaking. India’s implementation roadmap leverages existing digital platforms, including the National Ayush Morbidity And Standardized Terminologies Electronic (NAMASTE) Portal and the Ayush Hospital Management Information System (A-HMIS), which is powered by a niche Double Coding system in compliance with the WHO Minimum Data Set requirements. This initiative positions India as a global leader in integrating traditional medicine into digital health systems and universal health coverage frameworks.