Exploring vocal pitch and volume across Prakriti types in young Indian adults: A preliminary pilot study using acoustic voice analysis and the CCRAS-PAS

ABSTRACT: Background: Ayurveda describes three primary Prakriti (~normalcy/physical constitution) types Vata, Pitta , and Kapha , each associated with unique physiological traits, including voice characteristics. Classical texts describe Kaphaja voice as Guru swara (~deep and resonant), Pittaja voice as Sphuta (~clear and well-expressed), and Vataja voice as Ubhabhyam rahito (~unstable and tremulous). However, these traditional descriptions lack objective scientific validation through modern acoustic analysis. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare fundamental frequency (pitch) and sound pressure level (volume) across Prakriti types. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted among young Indian adults, with Prakriti classification done using the Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences Prakriti Assessment Scale (CCRAS-PAS). Voice recordings were obtained using a mobile-based acoustic tool, and parameters such as average pitch and volume were analyzed. Statistical analysis included Multinomial Logistic Regression (MLR); however, most findings were descriptive in nature and may be considered hypothesis generating. Results: Among 20 healthy participants, distinct vocal patterns were observed across Prakriti types: Vata-Pitta showed the highest pitch and Kapha the highest volume. Exploratory regression suggested trends linking Prakriti with acoustic traits, though results were not statistically significant due to small sample size. Conclusion: This exploratory study presents an initial framework that offers valuable insights into Ayurvedic diagnostic practices. However, the limited sample size and reliance on data from a single institution constrain the generalizability of the results, underscoring the necessity for larger, multicenter studies to achieve validation.