Dietary Knowledge and Eating Patterns Among Patients Living With Diabetes in Lebowakgomo, Limpopo: A Cross-Sectional Study

Diabetes mellitus poses a critical public health burden in South Africa, particularly in semi-urban, where food insecurity, cultural dietary norms, and limited health literacy complicate diabetes management. Despite the pivotal role of diet in glycaemic control, dietary knowledge and eating behaviours among diabetic patients remain poorly documented at community level, limiting targeted education and policy interventions. This study assessed dietary knowledge and eating patterns among diabetic patients to identify educational gaps and guide culturally relevant, context-specific nutrition interventions. A quantitative, cross-sectional descriptive design was employed. A total of 81 diabetic patients aged 18 years and older were recruited through convenience sampling from selected clinics in Lebowakgomo. Data were collected via a structured, self-administered questionnaire, adapted from validated instruments. Content and face validity were ensured through expert review and pilot testing. Data were analysed using SPSS version 28. Descriptive statistics summarised key variables, including knowledge levels and dietary patterns. Results: Most participants rated their health as fair (71.6%) and 55.6% had hypertension. While 53.1% showed good dietary knowledge, gaps remained—35.8% had poor knowledge. Daily intake was dominated by starches (79%), with low vegetable (16.1%) and inconsistent fruit and legume intake, indicating poor dietary diversity and frequent processed food consumption. Findings indicate moderate dietary knowledge but limited dietary diversity, with prevalent misconceptions and unhealthy eating habits. This underscores the need for locally tailored, accessible nutrition education. Community-based interventions are essential to enhance health literacy and support improved diabetes management and outcomes.