Applying the fuzzy distinction method to analyze the precautionary area of the wind farm along the western coast of Taiwan

In recent years, Taiwan has undertaken significant efforts to establish and develop offshore wind farms (OWFs) in its western coastal region. Previous studies on precautionary area (PA) planning have predominantly focused on ship traffic density, while ignoring marine environment protection issues, revealing a gap in comprehensive analysis. Therefore, the study examines Taiwan’s western offshore wind farm (OWF) area and develops a precautionary area (PA) planning model. The new PA concept considers not only navigational safety but also ecological sensitivity, as well as wind and hydrological factors. This approach aims to harmonize different marine activities, ensuring sustainable and efficient development of Taiwan’s green energy sector. Firstly, this study collected ship navigation data from the automatic identification system (AIS). Secondly, the AIS data were processed and analyzed through a marine geographic information system (MGIS) for a detailed spatial analysis of the marine environment. Thirdly, fuzzy logic control (FLC) is used to manage marine data’s inherent uncertainties and complexities, creating a more adaptable and nuanced model. By integrating AIS, MGIS, and FLC, the study develops an alternative PA planning model that enhances navigational and ecological safety while planning offshore wind farms. The alternative PA could facilitate the sustainable growth of Taiwan’s green energy sector.