Nanoantioxidants and Their Potential Use in the Management of Oxidative Stress-Associated Male Infertility

The prevalence of male infertility attributed to oxidative stress (OS) is a growing concern globally. Traditional methods to treat male infertility have some limitations, including low efficacy and invasiveness. Additionally, assisted reproductive procedures, such as <i>in vitro</i> fertilization and intracytoplasmic sperm injection, are expensive and carry higher risks. These challenges underscore the need for innovative solutions. A multidisciplinary approach is imperative, drawing insights from fields such as reproductive biology, nanotechnology, and clinical research to effectively combat male infertility caused by OS. Recent advancements in nanobiotechnology provide a promising opportunity to tackle male infertility caused by OS. These advancements enable the design and development of nanoantioxidants (nanoAOXs) and drug delivery systems tailored to the male reproductive environment. This review highlights the recent progress in the rational design of nanomaterials, with a specific focus on nanoAOXs for managing male infertility associated with OS.