Structure-constrained output feedback synthetic inertia decentralized control for two area power system

Modern low-inertia power systems demand fast frequency-support schemes that exploit the synthetic inertia (SI) available in wind turbines. This paper develops a structure-constrained, decentralized output-feedback controller that delivers SI to a non-coherent power system using only local measurements, namely, frequency and wind-turbine states, thereby avoiding reliance on non-observable variables such as mechanical power and, eliminating the need for communication between areas under control operation. A data-driven, reduced-order model of a two-area system is derived from real events recorded in the Chilean National Electric System. The SI controller is obtained by solving an LMI-based “W-problem,” which guarantees closed-loop stability while enforcing a block-diagonal gain structure suited for decentralized implementation. Matlab-Simulink simulations confirm that the proposed scheme achieves global frequency stability during non-coherent transients using a minimal set of local measurements. The results confirm that reliable, cost-effective frequency stabilization can be achieved without extensive communication or battery energy storage, using the latent kinetic energy of variable-speed wind turbines.