Heat transfer analysis for Dual-Layer Electroosmotic–Peristaltic biofluid flow in asymmetric microchannels under slip conditions

The efficient management of heat transfer in microscale biofluid systems remains a critical challenge in biomedical engineering, particularly when dealing with complex flow environments such as electroosmotic–peristaltic transport in microchannels. Conventional single-layer flow models often fail to capture the intricate interactions between electrokinetic forces, peristaltic pumping, and dual-layer fluid structures that naturally arise in biological systems. In this study, a comprehensive heat transfer analysis is conducted for dual-layer electroosmotic–peristaltic biofluid flow in asymmetric microchannels under slip boundary conditions. The flow model incorporates two immiscible fluid layers of distinct viscosities and unequal wall zeta potentials to capture the heterogeneous nature of biological micro-vascular transport. Governing equations are developed under well-justified physical assumptions, including low Reynolds number, long wavelength approximation and small zeta potential, which are representative of microfluidic and physiological conditions. The thermal characteristics of the system are analyzed by examining the impacts of the Brinkman number, Joule heating and thermal slip conditions on the temperature distribution within the flow domain. The results demonstrated that electroosmotic strength, slip parameters and viscosity ratios significantly affect the flow dynamics. Joule heating and the Brinkman number were shown to increase the temperature distribution and promote entropy generation. The results provide new insights into the interplay between electroosmotic driving forces, peristaltic pumping and dual-layer stratification, offering potential applications in biomedical microdevices, targeted drug delivery and lab-on-a-chip technologies.