Malaysia–China Relations Through the Lens of Humanistic Diplomacy

This paper re-evaluates Malaysia–China relations through the framework of humanistic diplomacy, offering a conceptual departure from the dominant state-centric paradigm. Drawing from constructivist and relational theories of international relations, it argues that the enduring strength of Malaysia–China ties stems not merely from strategic alignment but from mutual respect, consistent dialogue, and value-based engagement. The paper provides a theoretical account of diplomacy’s evolution, clarifies the tenets of humanistic diplomacy, and maps the Malaysia–China relationship through four distinct historical phases. In so doing, it presents a compelling case for why humanistic diplomacy should serve as a guiding principle for international engagement in an increasingly multipolar and interconnected world.