Performance simulation and techno-economic assessment of a concentrated solar thermal power tower plant with thermal storage: A case study of Queensland, Australia

This study investigates the design and performance of a 50 MW concentrated solar power (CSP) tower plant with thermal energy storage at two sites in Queensland, Australia, Bundaberg and Longreach, which receive high levels of direct normal irradiance. Plant operation is simulated using the System Advisor Model (SAM), incorporating site-specific meteorological data to evaluate energy output, capacity factors, and economic performance. Results are compared with existing operational CSP reference plants to provide context. The simulations indicate strong performance, with capacity factors of 56.9 % for Bundaberg and 70.1 % for Longreach, and levelized costs of electricity of 12.23 ¢/kWh and 10.49 ¢/kWh, respectively. These outcomes demonstrate CSP's capability to provide continuous electricity generation, including periods without sunlight, through thermal storage, and highlight its competitiveness in high-irradiance regions. The study offers valuable insights into the practical implementation of CSP systems and their potential contribution to Australia's sustainable energy transition.