Targeted detection of Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin using single-cell Raman spectroscopy

<b>Introduction.</b> <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection is a major global health concern, and its increasing antibiotic resistance poses significant challenges to eradication therapy. Traditional methods for detecting <i>H. pylori</i> resistance are time-consuming and labour-intensive.<b>Hypothesis/Gap Statement.</b> The limitations of traditional methods highlight a critical need for a rapid, accurate and comprehensive approach to detect <i>H. pylori</i> resistance that can inform personalized treatment strategies and improve eradication outcomes.<b>Aim.</b> This study aimed to explore the potential of Raman spectroscopy as a rapid and accurate method for detecting <i>H. pylori</i> resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin.<b>Methodology.</b> We employed Raman spectroscopy to analyse the metabolic fingerprints of <i>H. pylori</i> strains treated with different concentrations of antibiotics. Principal component analysis and deuterium oxide labelling techniques were used to differentiate between resistant and susceptible strains.<b>Results.</b> Our results demonstrated that Raman spectroscopy can accurately predict <i>H. pylori</i> antibiotic resistance within 4-6 h, significantly reducing detection time compared with traditional methods.<b>Conclusion.</b> This study provides a promising approach for rapid and accurate detection of <i>H. pylori</i> antibiotic resistance, enabling personalized treatment strategies and improving eradication outcomes.