Research progress in preparation of manganese-based materials from multisource manganese ores

Manganese ore is a critical strategic resource, and its type and endowment characteristics determine its potential applications in the field of new energy materials. This paper reviews the resource characteristics of multisource ores and their research progress in the new energy sector. First, the status and main types of manganese ores are introduced, and their strategic significance and physicochemical properties of manganese oxides and carbonates are analyzed. Second, various processing methods for different types of manganese ores, including hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, and other technologies, are discussed to optimize resource utilization. Subsequently, the preparation and applications of manganese-based materials are reviewed, including manganese sulfate, manganese dioxide, manganese tetroxide, and manganese alloys (such as electrolytic manganese, manganese–zinc ferrite, and manganese steel). Finally, an outlook on the comprehensive utilization of manganese resources and future development directions is presented. This study provides a valuable reference for researchers in minerals processing, metallurgy, materials science, and environmental science, promoting the efficient development of multisource manganese ores and the sustainable advancement of new energy materials.