Measuring Relative Component Motion and Stability in Total Hip Replacements Using a Magnetic Position and Orientation Sensing System

An instrumented total hip replacement (THR) implant capable of remote and continuous monitoring would be an attractive prospect for a surgeon to conveniently track the recovery of their patients. Measuring the relative motion of the prosthesis components would provide insight into joint kinematics and contribute to the detection of adverse events including impingement and subluxation. The aim of this study was to develop a sensing system to measure the relative orientation and translation of the prosthesis components. A tri-axis magnetometer and a permanent magnet were integrated into clinically available THR components, forming a magnetic position and orientation sensing system. A robotic arm was used to articulate the components through controlled motion routines and record the orientation of the components. The output of the robot arm and a camera tracking system were used to validate the performance of the sensing system. The sensing system measured the relative orientation of the components to two degrees of freedom with an RMSE of <4.0° and measured the displacement of the femoral head during an impingement-driven subluxation motion with an RMSE of 0.2 mm. This proof-of-concept work has shown that magnetic sensing technology can track the position and orientation of THR components. With further development, this sensing method could feature within an instrumented THR implant.