Management Challenges in the Biogas Production Sector in Poland—Current Status, Potential and Perspectives

Despite the positive dynamics of biogas and biomethane production in Poland, the country still lags behind Western European leaders per capita. With the ongoing phaseout of coal and the growing demand for power system flexibility, the importance of alternative solutions, with particular emphasis on renewable gases, is growing. Furthermore, capturing methane from manure and food waste offers a significant opportunity to significantly reduce the release of harmful gases into the atmosphere, as well as to recycle nutrients, which in turn translates into enhanced environmental performance (ESG). This places biogas production in Poland among the current and important issues of the energy transition. The available research relates to a limited extent to the conditions of biogas production and processes, particularly in the Polish market. With this in mind, the challenge was taken up to provide up-to-date knowledge on the management challenges of the biogas sector in Poland—today’s situation, conditions and development potential until 2030 and beyond. The analysis draws on regulatory reports, official records, EU policy documents, and industry data, offering practical insights for policymakers, investors, and researchers. The review’s methodology is based on economic analysis and evaluation techniques. The analysis revealed that management challenges in Poland’s biogas sector differ in severity and systemic impact. The priority ranking of barriers is as follows: policy and regulatory barriers, economic barriers, technological barriers, and social barriers. Moreover, the analysis confirms that feedstock price volatility and revenue instability are core components of the economic barrier category, directly affecting managerial decision-making, risk perception, and the overall investment climate in the Polish biogas industry.