The Prevalence of H. pylori Among Jordanian Type 2 Diabetic Patients and Its Association with ABO Blood Group

<i>Background and Objectives</i>: There is no universal agreement with regard to the correlation between <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> (<i>H. pylori</i>) infection, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and ABO blood group antigens. The data related to these are limited. The purpose of this study is to explore the correlation and frequency of <i>H. pylori</i> infection with T2DM and ABO blood group of adults that reside in Jordan. <i>Materials and Methods</i>: This study adopts a cross-sectional comparison of 149 patients diagnosed with T2DM and 168 non-diabetic controls. The One-Step Immunochromatographic DiaSpot^® test was used to diagnose <i>H. pylori</i>, while standardized hemagglutination through the use of monoclonal anti-A, anti-B, and anti-D reagents was used for ABO blood grouping. Analyses were conducted on the correlation between <i>H. pylori</i> infection, diabetes, and ABO blood group through logistic regression. <i>Results</i>: A total of 89 out of the 317 participants tested positive for <i>H. pylori</i> infection (overall seroprevalence = 28.0%), consisting of 51 of the 149 T2DM patients (34.2%) and 38 (22.6%) of the 168 non-diabetic controls. A significant association was observed between diabetes status and <i>H. pylori</i> infection (χ²(1) = 4.71, <i>p</i> < 0.05), with the probability of being <i>H. pylori</i>-positive 1.78 times higher among diabetics (95% CI: 1.085-2.921). A significant association was found between blood group and <i>H. pylori</i> infection, (χ²(3), <i>n</i> = 317) = 15.01, <i>p</i> < 0.001. Of the 89 <i>H. pylori</i>-positive patients, 21 (23.6%) were in blood group A, 13 (14.6%) in group B, and 44 (49.4%) in group O, with the remaining 11 (12.4%) patients in blood group AB. <i>Conclusions</i>: Significant associations were found between <i>H. pylori</i> infection and both T2DM and blood type. Further longitudinal studies that include larger, more diverse populations and more potentially significant factors are needed to clarify these relationships.