Evaluation of Serum Antioxidant Activity in Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: Links with Nutritional and Anthropometric Factors—Preliminary Studies

The prediabetes group exhibited lower TAC, indicating a redox profile that differs from both healthy individuals and those with T2DM. Dietary quality, including adequate intake of selenium, could support antioxidant defence mechanisms, whereas excess body weight and high intake of omega-6 may impair them. The results also suggest that metformin may modulate TAC, supporting adaptive responses to oxidative stress in T2DM. These findings highlight the potential importance of dietary and pharmacological interventions in maintaining oxidative-antioxidant balance in metabolic disorders.