Dietary Scutellaria baicalensis and Lonicera japonica Extract Supplementation Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Improves Reproductive Performance in Sows

Harnessing the powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of <i>Scutellaria baicalensis</i> and <i>Lonicera japonica</i> (SL), SL extract emerges as a natural and effective dietary strategy to enhance sow reproductive performance and overall health. In this study, 100 multiparous Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire sows were assigned to either a control diet or a diet supplemented with 0.05% SL extract (<i>n</i> = 100), beginning on day 85 of gestation and continuing until day 21 of lactation, with 50 sows in each group. Duroc boars were the source of semen for artificial insemination. While SL supplementation did not affect litter size, birth weight, or milk composition, it significantly reduced piglet mortality during lactation, from 13.11% to 9.72% (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Compared with the control group, feed intake of sows in the SL group increased from 4.56 kg to 4.70 kg (<i>p</i> < 0.01) during lactation. Furthermore, SL extract enhanced the antioxidant capacity of the sows, reduced malondialdehyde and levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, and increased the plasma soluble cluster of differentiation 14 (sCD14) concentrations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In vitro, pretreatment of mammary epithelial cells with SL extract (2 μg/mL for 24 h) before lipopolysaccharide stimulation significantly upregulated antioxidant markers, suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression, and inhibited activation of the NF-κB and MAPK pathways (<i>p</i> < 0.05). These findings highlight the potential of SL extract as a natural feed additive to mitigate oxidative stress and inflammation, ultimately supporting improved reproductive performance and health in sows.