IoT Applications and Challenges in Global Healthcare Systems: A Comprehensive Review

The Internet of Things (IoT) has influenced the healthcare industry by enabling real-time monitoring, data-driven decision-making, and automation of medical activities. IoT in healthcare comprises a network of interconnected medical devices, sensors, and software systems that gather, analyse, and transmit patient data, enhancing the efficiency, accuracy, and accessibility of healthcare services. Despite its benefits, the deployment and impact of IoT in healthcare vary between countries due to differences in healthcare infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and technical advancements. This review highlights how IoT technologies underpin the efficiency of EHR and HIE systems by enabling continuous data flow, interoperability, and real-time patient care. It also addresses the problems involved with IoT adoption, including data privacy concerns, interoperability issues, high implementation costs, and cybersecurity dangers. Additionally, the paper examines future trends in IoT healthcare, including 5G integration, AI-enhanced healthcare analytics, blockchain-based security solutions, and the creation of energy-efficient IoT medical equipment. Through an analysis of worldwide trends and obstacles, this research offers suggestions for policies, methods, and best practices to close the digital healthcare gap and make sure that healthcare solutions powered by the IoT are available, safe, and effective everywhere.