Quality Evaluation of Dendrobium huoshanense Under Different Cultivation Modes and Its Protective Effect on Ethanol-Induced Injury in GES-1 Cells

<i>Dendrobium huoshanense</i>, a rare and endangered medicinal orchid species endemic to Huoshan County, Anhui Province, faces a severe limit of wild resources. Its medicinal efficacy derives from unique chemical constituents, which vary significantly across cultivation modes. We systematically compared sensory properties and nutritional constituents (polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, bibenzyls, minerals, and free amino acids) between <i>D. huoshanense</i> in three cultivation modes-greenhouse cultivation, understory gravel cultivation, and wild-simulated cultivation. Additionally, the gastroprotective effects of wild-simulated cultivated <i>D. huoshanense</i> on gastric mucosal epithelial cells were evaluated. Results demonstrated that wild-simulated cultivation yielded significantly higher levels of nutritional constituents compared to gravel and greenhouse cultivation. Furthermore, wild-simulated cultivated <i>D. huoshanense</i> exhibited notable protective effects against gastric mucosal epithelial cell damage. This study not only elucidates the influence of cultivation modes on the chemical profile of <i>D. huoshanense</i> but also provides scientific evidence supporting its gastric protective properties, offering a foundation for its sustainable utilization and quality-oriented cultivation.