Celestial kinematical interpretation for an extended <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>BMS</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>4</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </
Motivated by the work of Longhi and Materassi, who constructed a realization of the (centerless) <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <a:mrow> <a:msub> <a:mrow> <a:mi>BMS</a:mi> </a:mrow> <a:mrow> <a:mn>4</a:mn> </a:mrow> </a:msub> </a:mrow> </a:math> algebra for the massive Klein-Gordon field in <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <c:mn>3</c:mn> <c:mo>+</c:mo> <c:mn>1</c:mn> </c:math> dimensions, we build a realization of the (centerless) massless <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <e:mrow> <e:msub> <e:mrow> <e:mi>BMS</e:mi> </e:mrow> <e:mrow> <e:mn>4</e:mn> </e:mrow> </e:msub> </e:mrow> </e:math> algebra including superrotations. This realization depends only on the momenta in the light cone expressed in celestial coordinates without any reference to the Klein-Gordon field. The quadratic Casimir of the Lorentz algebra is written in terms of a second order differential operator and the volume form plays an essential role in this construction. The <g:math xmlns:g="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <g:mrow> <g:msub> <g:mrow> <g:mi>BMS</g:mi> </g:mrow> <g:mrow> <g:mn>4</g:mn> </g:mrow> </g:msub> </g:mrow> </g:math> algebra in terms of vector fields shows its kinematical nature, like the Poincaré algebra. We also construct a dynamical realization of <i:math xmlns:i="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <i:mrow> <i:msub> <i:mrow> <i:mi>BMS</i:mi> </i:mrow> <i:mrow> <i:mn>4</i:mn> </i:mrow> </i:msub> </i:mrow> </i:math> from the symplectic structure on the solutions of the massless four-dimensional Klein-Gordon field in terms of quadratic expressions of the Fourier modes and plane waves invariant under translations. Using the Mellin transform, we rewrite the Klein-Gordon field in terms of the boost invariant basis, and write down the corresponding <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> <k:mrow> <k:msub> <k:mrow> <k:mi>BMS</k:mi> </k:mrow> <k:mrow> <k:mn>4</k:mn> </k:mrow> </k:msub> </k:mrow> </k:math> realization. We also provide the relation with spherical harmonics, linking our results with the solutions of Longhi-Materassi, which are in fact a subset of ours.
Authors
- D. Dominici (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4701-2012)
- Joaquim Gomis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8706-2989)
- Carles Batlle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6088-6187)
- José Miguel Figueroa-O'Farrill (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9308-9360)
- R. Casalbuoni (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1445-0654)
Institutions
- University of Florence (IT)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (ES)
- University of Edinburgh (GB)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Physical review. D/Physical review. D.
- Published
- 2025-11-24
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1103/8j34-cg6d
- Primary Topic
- Algebraic and Geometric Analysis
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- European Commission
- Generalitat de Catalunya
- Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca
- European Regional Development Fund
- Agencia Estatal de Investigación
- Institut de Ciències del Cosmos