Co and Cu Nanoparticles as Promising Catalysts in Organic Transformations: An Overview

ABSTRACT Transition metal nanoparticles have emerged as game changers in modern organic synthesis, offering exceptional activity, selectivity, and stability across a wide range of reaction conditions. This review provides a focused exploration of supported cobalt (Co) and copper (Cu) nanoparticles as efficient catalysts in pivotal organic transformations, including hydrogenation, oxidation, cross‐coupling, C–H functionalization, and heterocycle synthesis. The interplay between these nanoparticles and various supports such as ferrites, carbon materials, silica, and zeolites are shown to significantly enhance catalytic performance by promoting superior dispersion, electron mobility, and catalyst recyclability. Cobalt stands out for its earth‐abundant and remarkable versatility in sustainable hydrogenation and Fischer–Tropsch reactions. Copper, prized for its distinct electronic features, excels in forging C–C and C–N bonds. The review also delves into mechanistic insights, structure–activity relationships, and the effects of nanoparticle size, morphology, and support interactions. By offering a comparative analysis of Co and Cu nanoparticles, this work aims to guide the rational design of next‐generation nanocatalysts for green and industrially relevant organic syntheses. Current challenges, such as catalyst deactivation, scalability, and cost, are critically discussed, setting the stage for future advancements in this dynamic field.