Crystallized Intelligence: The Value of Factual Knowledge in Theory and Practice

This Discussion argues that technological advances do not diminish the value of factual knowledge and crystallized intelligence in education and everyday life. Learning factual knowledge has been undervalued, but that this knowledge is a prerequisite for higher-level cognitive engagement. Additionally, technological developments, like Google and artificial intelligence, have led some people to believe that learning facts is an obsolete goal of education. However, learning factual knowledge builds crystallized intelligence, which facilitates high-level problem solving, fosters creativity, and even increases fluid intelligence. The benefits of high crystallized intelligence also help with passive learning, which can aid in functioning in everyday life. The overall lesson of this Discussion is that crystallized intelligence remains valuable, even in a technological environment that makes information easy to access.