Advances in the use of exosomes for the diagnosis and treatment of ovarian cancer

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, with insidious early symptoms and a lack of effective screening often leading to late-stage diagnosis and poor prognosis. Exosomes, extracellular vesicles carrying diverse bioactive molecules, play key roles in OC pathogenesis and progression. This review systematically outlines recent advances in exosome research, highlighting their dual potential as liquid biopsy biomarkers for early diagnosis and prognosis, and as natural drug delivery systems for targeted therapy. We also critically analyze the major challenges in clinical translation. Despite existing hurdles, exosome-based strategies hold significant promise for advancing precision medicine in OC.