Analytical Formulations of Tunnel–Soil–Pile Interaction Model With Presence of Tire‐Derived Aggregates Under Seismic Excitations

ABSTRACT This research derives modified analytical formulations for the tunnel–soil–pile interaction (TSPI) model with the presence of the tire‐derived aggregates (TDAs) under the horizontal shear (SH), vertical shear (SV) and body (P) waves. The analytical formulations are modified by averaging the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio of the soil and TDA. The modified analytical formulations are verified with the previous experimental work to obtain differences in tunnel moment of 5.3% and 4.2% which may indicate good accuracy of the verification. The parametric study is performed to evaluate the tunnel responses (i.e., moment and shear) and soil pressure by varying the number of piles, tunnel and pile diameters. The SH‐wave shows the higher design tunnel moment and shear compared to the SV and P‐waves. The tunnel moment and shear for the SH‐wave are 42% and 69.2% higher than those of the SV‐wave. The P‐wave shows the higher soil pressure compared to the SH and SV‐waves which is 12.2% larger than that of the SH‐wave. The sensitivity analysis is performed by varying the tunnel‐pile clearance to evaluate the tunnel moment and shear with soil pressure under various (i.e., SH, SV, and P) waves for TDA and without TDA. The tunnel moment and shear are decreased at rates of 17% and 12%, whereas the incremental rate of the soil pressure is found to be 10% by using TDA with soil. Therefore, the TDA may be mixed with soil in the practical TSPI model which may help professional engineers to choose design tunnel responses and soil pressure.